{"id":144,"date":"2014-02-05T18:33:23","date_gmt":"2014-02-05T18:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/?p=144"},"modified":"2017-11-05T12:50:35","modified_gmt":"2017-11-05T12:50:35","slug":"despre-deportare-in-perioada-comunista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/?p=144","title":{"rendered":"Despre deportare \u00een perioada comunist\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia comunist\u0103, deportarea\/delocalizarea persoanelor prin mijloace represive \u015fi-a g\u0103sit inspira\u0163ia \u00een modelul oferit de gulagul sovietic. \u00cen \u00eentreaga perioad\u0103 comunist\u0103, b\u0103n\u0103\u0163eni, olteni, bulgari, s\u00e2rbi, nem\u0163i, evrei, basarabeni, bucovineni, arom\u00e2ni, vlahi, megleno-rom\u00e2ni etc. au fost deporta\u0163i din zona lor de origine spre alte localit\u0103\u0163i din Rom\u00e2nia sau \u00een plin c\u00e2mp, unde au fost obliga\u0163i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi construiasc\u0103 propriile sate. \u00cen 1967, deportarea cet\u0103\u0163enilor rom\u00e2ni a fost declarat\u0103 ilegal\u0103 chiar de autorit\u0103\u0163ile comuniste.<\/p>\n<p>Deport\u0103rile au \u00eenceput \u00een 1944, primele ac\u0163iuni de acest gen viz\u00e2ndu-i pe etnicii germani acuza\u0163i de colaborare cu autorit\u0103\u0163ile naziste. Urmeaz\u0103 delocalizarea familiilor de mari proprietari de teren, de fabrici sau de alte interpinderi comerciale. \u0162\u0103ranii care s-au opus colectiviz\u0103rii din satele r\u0103svr\u0103tite au fost \u015fi ei la r\u00e2ndul lor deporta\u0163i. Dup\u0103 1955, fo\u015ftii de\u0163inu\u0163i politici elibera\u0163i din \u00eenchisori vor fi trimi\u015fi \u015fi ei cu domicliu obligatoriu \u00een diverse localit\u0103\u0163i, cei mai mul\u0163i \u00een satele din B\u0103r\u0103gan deja construite ca urmare a deport\u0103rii din 1951.<\/p>\n<p>O practic\u0103 constant\u0103 \u00een anii de \u00eenceput ai comunismului rom\u00e2nesc, cel mai tragic episod al acestui fenomen represiv a avut loc \u00een iunie 1951, c\u00e2nd aproximativ 44 000 de persoane de pe o f\u00e2\u015fie de 25 de km la grani\u0163a cu Iugoslavia au fost deportate \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan \u00eentr-una din cele mai secrete, rapide \u015fi represive ac\u0163iuni organizate de autorit\u0103\u0163ile comuniste.<\/p>\n<p>Deporta\u0163ii, provenind din Banat \u015fi Oltenia, au \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan 18 noi sate\u00a0: <b>Vii\u015foara<\/b> (raion Slobozia), <b>R\u0103chitoasa<\/b> (raion Fete\u015fti), <b>Olaru<\/b> (raion C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi), <b>Salc\u00e2mi<\/b> (raion Fete\u015fti), <b>D\u00e2lga<\/b> (raion Lehliu), <b>Movila G\u00e2ld\u0103ului<\/b> (raion Fete\u015fti), <b>Valea Viilor<\/b> (raion Fete\u015fti), <b>Fundata<\/b> (raion Slobozia), <b>Dropia<\/b> (raion C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi), <b>Pelicanu<\/b> (raion C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi), <b>Ezeru<\/b> (raion C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi), <b>L\u0103te\u015fti<\/b> (raion Fete\u015fti), <b>M\u0103z\u0103reni<\/b> (raion Br\u0103ila), <b>Zagna<\/b> (raion Br\u0103ila), <b>Bumb\u0103cari<\/b>, <b>Schei<\/b> (C\u0103lm\u0103\u0163ui, raion Gala\u0163i), <b>Frumu\u015fi\u0163a<\/b> (raion Gala\u0163i), <b>Valea C\u0103lm\u0103\u0163uiului<\/b> (C\u0103lm\u0103\u0163ui, raion Gala\u0163i).<\/p>\n<p>Au fost deportate acele persoane considerate \u00ab\u00a0periculoase\u00a0\u00bb pentru regimul comunist, persoane care ar fi reprezentat un factor de revolt\u0103 at\u00e2t \u00een eventualitatea unui r\u0103zboi cu Yugoslavia lui Tito c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een procesul de colectivizare a agriculturii. Conform listelor elaborate de autorit\u0103\u0163ile comuniste, deportarea a vizat urm\u0103toarele persoane:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>19.034 chiaburi \u015fi c\u00e2rciumari<\/li>\n<li>8.447 basarabeni<\/li>\n<li>3.557 macedonieni<\/li>\n<li>2.344 persoane care colaboraser\u0103 cu armata german\u0103 \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului<\/li>\n<li>1.330 cet\u0103\u0163eni str\u0103ini<\/li>\n<li>1.218 persoane cu rude care fugiser\u0103 \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate<\/li>\n<li>1.054 titoi\u015fti<\/li>\n<li>731 du\u015fmani ai regimului socialist<\/li>\n<li>590 persoane care tr\u0103iau \u00een afara zonei de frontier\u0103<\/li>\n<li>367 persoane care ajutaser\u0103 rezisten\u0163a anticomunist\u0103<\/li>\n<li>341 criminali de\u0163inu\u0163i<\/li>\n<li>257 germani<\/li>\n<li>162 fo\u015fti mo\u015fieri \u015fi industria\u015fi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Cf. Rusnac Mircea, <i>Deportarea \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan<\/i>, pe site: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banaterra.eu\/romana\/deportarea-baragan-1951-1954\">http:\/\/www.banaterra.eu\/romana\/deportarea-baragan-1951-1954<\/a>, accesat \u00een noiembrie 2013.)<\/p>\n<p>Persoanelor men\u0163ionate mai sus li s-a impus domiciliu obligatoriu \u00een anumite perimetre stabilite de cele mai multe ori \u00een plin c\u00e2mp. Dup\u0103 debarcarea din trenurile care \u00eei aduseser\u0103 \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan, \u201ecet\u0103\u0163enii suspenda\u0163i\u201d ai Rom\u00e2niei comuniste au fost obliga\u0163i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi construiasc\u0103 propriile case, dar \u015fi \u015fcoala, prim\u0103ria, mili\u0163ia, dispensarul, magazinul etc. \u00cen vara lui 1951, toate aceste case \u015fi sedii ale administra\u0163iei vor r\u0103s\u0103ri din \u201eciulinii B\u0103r\u0103ganului\u201d. Satele se aflau sub stricta supraveghere a mili\u0163iei, p\u0103r\u0103sirea acestora fiind pedepsit\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1952, toate persoanele apte de munc\u0103, inclusiv copiii, au fost obligate s\u0103 munceasc\u0103 \u00een CAP-urile \u015fi IAS-urile din regiune. Pl\u0103ti\u0163i cu sume modice, controla\u0163i periodic \u015fi supraveghea\u0163i continuu, deporta\u0163ii au \u00eenfruntat cu stoicism vicisitudinile istoriei \u015fi geografiei. Unii dintre ei \u015fi-au l\u0103sat via\u0163a \u00een c\u00e2mpia B\u0103r\u0103ganului, dar cei mai mul\u0163i au supravie\u0163uit. Elibera\u0163i \u00een 1955, ei vor p\u0103stra toat\u0103 via\u0163a stigmatul domiciliului obligatoriu (<b>DO<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen urma lor, caselor p\u0103r\u0103site li se vor atribui al\u0163i locatari: fo\u015fti de\u0163inu\u0163i politici ce nu aveau dreptul de a circula liber prin \u00eenchisoarea Rom\u00e2nia. Dup\u0103 1964, \u015fi ace\u015ftia sunt elibera\u0163i. Deportarea ia astfel sf\u00e2r\u015fit, casele p\u0103r\u0103site \u015fi cimitirele ne\u00eengrijite r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd ca o urm\u0103 de ne\u015fters. \u015ei totu\u015fi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceputul anilor \u201960, autorit\u0103\u0163ile comuniste au dorit s\u0103 \u015ftearg\u0103 orice urm\u0103 a represiunii. Satele deport\u0103rii au fost \u015fterse de pe fa\u0163a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Persoanele r\u0103mase, prea b\u0103tr\u00e2ne sau prea singure s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi caute un alt loc, sunt nevoite s\u0103 plece din nou. \u00cen urma lor, buldozerele transform\u0103 casele \u00een lutul din care au provenit.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2teva sate au r\u0103mas totu\u015fi&#8230; Cele care aveau deja o existen\u0163\u0103 anterioar\u0103 deport\u0103rii precum satul Fundata creat l\u00e2ng\u0103 halta Perie\u0163i, D\u00e2lga ap\u0103rut\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 un s\u0103tuc deja existent. Cele construite \u00een mijlocul c\u00e2mpului \u00ee\u015fi vor pierde urma pentru totdeauna. R\u0103m\u00e2n doar \u00een amintirea celor ce le-au populat \u015fi ace\u015ftia din ce \u00een ce mai pu\u0163ini&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Bibliografia deport\u0103rii<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Memorii \u015fi documente:<\/h3>\n<p>Andreca, Dumitru, <i>Dezr\u0103d\u0103cina\u0163ii. M\u0103rturii ale deporta\u0163ilor mehedin\u0163eni \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan<\/i>, Turnu Severin, Prier, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Brusalinschi, Dumitru, <i>Deporta\u0163i \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan<\/i>, C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cernicova-Dinca,Tatiana Maria, <i>Anno Domini 1951 (B\u0103r\u0103gan. <\/i><i>Copil\u0103rie exilat\u0103)<\/i>,Timi\u015foara, Editura Mirton, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>Circiov, Rafael, <i>Lag\u0103rul deport\u0103rii<\/i>, Timi\u015foara, Editura Mirton.<\/p>\n<p>Konschitzky, Walther, Leber Peter-Dietmar, Walter Wolf, <i>Deportiert in den Baragan 1951-1956. Banater Schwaben gedenken der Verschleppung vor f\u00fcnfzig Jahren<\/i>, Haus des Deutchen Ostens, Munchen, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Marineasa, Viorel, Daniel Vighi, Valentin Saminta, <i>Deportarea \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan. Destine, documente, reportaje<\/i>, Timi\u015foara, Editura Mirton, 1996.<\/p>\n<p>Marineasa, Viorel, Vighi, Daniel, <i>Rusalii &#8217;51. Fragmente din deportarea \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan<\/i>, Timi\u015foara, Editura Marineasa, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>Mirciov, Rafael, <i>Lag\u0103rul deport\u0103rii pentru familiile de bulgari din Banat<\/i>, Editura Mirton, Timi\u015foara, 1998.<\/p>\n<p>Sarafolean, Silviu (coord.), <i>Deporta\u0163ii \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan 1951-1956<\/i>, Editura Mirton, Timi\u015foara, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Spijavca, Elena, <i>Munci <\/i><i>\u0219i zile \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan<\/i>, Bucuresti, Editura Funda\u021bia Academic\u0103 Civic\u0103, 2004.<\/p>\n<p>Stoenescu L\u0103cr\u0103mioara, <i>Copii-du\u015fmani ai poporului<\/i>, Curtea Veche, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Stoenescu L\u0103cr\u0103mioara, <i>Memoria stigmatelor<\/i>, Curtea Veche, 2012.<\/p>\n<p>\u015etevin Silvestru, <i>Descul\u0163 prin propriul destin<\/i>, Mirton, Timi\u015foara, 2004, ed. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Totok Wiliam, <i>Aprecieri neretu\u015fate<\/i>, Editura Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Ia\u015fi, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>Vultur, Smaranda, <i>Istorie trait\u0103-istorie povestit\u0103: deportarea i<\/i><i>\u0302<\/i><i>n B\u0103r\u0103gan: 1951-1956<\/i>, Amarcord, Timi\u015foara, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Istoriografie<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>B\u0103lan, Ion, <i>Regimul concentra\u0163ionar din Rom\u00e2nia 1945-1964<\/i>, Funda\u0163ia Academia Civic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Boldur-L\u0103\u0163escu, Gheorghe, <i>Genocidul comunist \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/i>, vol. 1-4, Bucure\u015fti, Albatros, 1992-2003.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cesereanu, Ruxandra,<i> <\/i>ed.<i> <\/i><i>Comunism \u015fi represiune \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Istoria tematic\u0103 a unui fratricid na\u0163ional<\/i>, Ia\u015fi, Polirom, 2006<i>. <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Comisia preziden\u0163ial\u0103 pentru analiza dictaturii comuniste din Rom\u00e2nia, Raport final<\/i>, 2006, p. 290-307.<\/p>\n<p>Deletant, Denis, <i>Teroarea comunist\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Gheorghiu-Dej \u015fi statul poli\u0163ienesc, 1948-1965<\/i>, Ia\u015fi, Polirom, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Milin, Miodrag, <i>S\u00e2rbii din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een Golgota B\u0103r\u0103ganului<\/i>, Uniunea S\u00e2rbilor din Rom\u00e2nia, Timi\u015foara, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>Milin, Miodrag, Liubomir Stepanov, <em>Golgota B\u0103r\u0103ganului pentru s\u00e2rbii din Rom\u00e2nia 1951-1956<\/em>, Timi\u015foara, 1996.<\/p>\n<p>Romulus Rusan (coord.), <i>Mor\u0163i f\u0103r\u0103 morminte \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan (1951-1956)<\/i>, Funda\u0163ia Academia Civic\u0103, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Enciclopedia Rom\u00e2niei on-line:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/enciclopediaromaniei.ro\/wiki\/Deport%C4%83rile_%C3%AEn_B%C4%83r%C4%83gan\">http:\/\/enciclopediaromaniei.ro\/wiki\/Deport%C4%83rile_%C3%AEn_B%C4%83r%C4%83gan<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Documentare, piese de teatru:<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Memorialul Durerii<\/b>, TVR, regizor Lucia Hossu Longin, 1991-2006. (episod despre deportare)<\/p>\n<p><b>Epifania de la Rubla<\/b>, regizor Jon Gostin, TVR2, 2000.<\/p>\n<p><b>A nightmare travel<\/b>, regizor Florin Besoiu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Destiny of Germans,<\/b> realizator G\u00fcnter Czernetzky, <b>Black Whitsuntide.<\/b><b> Baragan deportation<\/b>, realizatori Tiberiu Stoichici, Adrian Dr\u0103gu\u015fin. Documentare prezentate la simpozionul interna\u0163ional, \u201cDeportations. The treatment applied to Germans and other minorities in communist Romania\u201d, Bucure\u015fti, 2002.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fericita \u00eentristare a lui Andras Visky<\/b>, realizator Jon Gostin, 2011, TVR2.<\/p>\n<p><b>Deporta\u0163ii<\/b>, serial TVR2, 2013.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Julieta<\/i><\/b>, drama scris\u0103 de Visky Andras, 2002.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Arhiv\u0103 Media &#8211; http:\/\/www.deportatiinbaragan.ro\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia comunist\u0103, deportarea\/delocalizarea persoanelor prin mijloace represive \u015fi-a g\u0103sit inspira\u0163ia \u00een modelul oferit de gulagul sovietic. \u00cen \u00eentreaga perioad\u0103 comunist\u0103, b\u0103n\u0103\u0163eni, olteni, bulgari, s\u00e2rbi, nem\u0163i, evrei, basarabeni, bucovineni, arom\u00e2ni, vlahi, megleno-rom\u00e2ni etc. au fost deporta\u0163i din zona lor de origine spre alte localit\u0103\u0163i din Rom\u00e2nia sau \u00een plin c\u00e2mp, unde au fost obliga\u0163i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi construiasc\u0103 propriile sate. \u00cen 1967, deportarea cet\u0103\u0163enilor rom\u00e2ni a fost declarat\u0103 ilegal\u0103 chiar de autorit\u0103\u0163ile comuniste.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[76],"tags":[61,38,34,40,36],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=144"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":464,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144\/revisions\/464"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memorialuldeportarii.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}